How did the image of Bharat Matagive the idea to create nationalism among Indians?
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The image of Bhāratmātā formed with the Indian independence movement of the late 19th century. A play by Kiran Chandra Bannerjee, Bhārat Mātā, was first performed in 1873. The play set in 1770 Bengal famine depicted a woman and her husband who went to forest and encounters rebels. The priest takes them to temple where they were shown Bharat Mata. Thus they are inspired and led rebellion which result in defeat of the British.[] The Manushi magazine story traces origin to a satirical work Unabimsa Purana or The Nineteenth Purana by Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay which was first published anonymously in 1866.[] Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1882 wrote a novel Anandamath and introduced the hymn "Vande Mātaram",[5][6] which soon became the song of the emerging freedom movement in India. As the British Raj created cartographic shape of India through the Geological Survey of India, the Indian nationalist developed it into an icon of nationalism. In 1920s, it became more political image sometimes including images of Mahatma Gandhi and Bhagat Singh. The Tiranga flag was also started being included during this period. In 1930s, the image entered in religious practice. The Bharat Mata temple was built in Benaras in 1936 by Shiv Prashad Gupt and was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi. This temple does not have any statuary but only a marble relief of the map of India.
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How did the image of Bharat Mata created the sense of collective belongingness among the Indians
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The image of Bharat Mata was portrayed by Indian artist, Abanindranath Tigore, in which he displayed India being a Hindu goddess which four arms. In her arms she held a bunch of rice, manuscripts, a mala(string of prayer beads), and a white cloth.
The purpose of this image was to create a sense of nationalism in the Indians during the independence movement. It promoted the sense of collective belonging among the people of India.
Displaying India as a Hindu goddess made the people praise her being a religious Hindu concept. Indians being predominantly Hindus respected her portrayal as a Hindu goddess. They believed that the nation was to be led by the Hindu gods and goddesses.
She held manuscripts which were a symbol of religious manuscripts like the Bhagwat Geeta etc. that guided Indians to lead their lives. They believed that India was a country that was based on these manuscripts.
She held sheaves of rice, that indicate towards the agricultural importance of the country. India is an agricultural country and most of the Indian people in that time were farmers. They believed that India was a country that honoured the dedication and hard work of these farmers.
The white cloth symbolized purity. This made the the people believe that India belonged to the purest of the people. Their culture and traditions were pure.
The mala she holds also add to the religious significance of the country.
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