Question

How did the small tribes of earlier period give way to large kingdoms

Answer 1

The main reason for the gradual development of large kingdoms from small tribes was  the beginning of use of iron. With the help of iron tools, the dense forests of the Ganga  valley region, which had hitherto not allowed expansion in the region, were cleared. This  freed up more land for agriculture and eventually the smaller, fragmented tribes made  way for larger and coherent kingdoms, known as Janapadas.

Answer 2

Answer:

1- iron tools used on the large scale.

2- iron tools help people to clear thick forest.

3 the smaller tribes to give way to large Kingdom which have well defined territories.

4 the Territories are called Janapadas and mahajanapadas.