how do microorganism survive during unfavourable condition
Answers
Bacteria have some amazing survival mechanisms incorporated into their genome. They produce a diverse group of enzymes and proteins which help them overcome the adversity. They produce both "Heat Shock" and "Cold Shock" proteins which protect the bacterial cell from extreme heat and cold respectively. Bacteria also toughen up the cell wall so that the membrane covering the important cellular mechanisms does not lose its integrity. During cases of extreme osmotic conditions, the bacterial cells produce a group of proteins called as "osmotic compatible solutes". These proteins are secreted to the external environment instead of valuable ions so that cell does not lose its functions.
many types of bacteria, if environmental conditions become unfavorable (lack of water, increase in temperature, etc), will go into a sort of dormant state, called an endospore. ... This way, bacteria can survive extreme temperatures, adverse chemical conditions, or droughts.