how do organisms reproduce(class 10 cbse)important points to remember
Answers
(This is my short and easy notes .Hope it helps you friend.)
Reproduction is a process by which the living beings propagate or duplicate their own kind.
Reproduction can be broadly classified into asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
In asexual reproduction fusion of gametes are not involved but in sexual reproduction the formation and fusion of gametes occur.
Different modes of asexual reproduction are fission, budding,fragmentation ,regeneration.
Fission is further divided into binary fission ,multiple fission,sporulation and strobilation.
According to the plane of fission different kinds of binary fission have been identified in different organisms.
They are simple irregular binary fission ,transverse binary fission, longitudinal binary fission and oblique binary fission. and
Multiple fission is the division of the parent into many small daughter cells simultaneously .
Budding is another mode of asexual reproduction. The parent body produces one or more buds ;each buds grows into a young one and may separate from the parent to lead a normal life. When many buds are formed on the outer surface of the parent it is known as exogenous budding.
Hundreds of buds are formed inside the cytoplasm and remained within the body of the parent this process is called endogenous budding.
Fragmentation is another mode of asexual reproduction .
In fragmentation the body of the paraent breaks into fragments (pieces).
Each fragment has the potential to develop into a new individual .
Regeneration is the development of the whole body of an organism from a small fragment.It is of two types namely restorative regeneration and reparative regeneration.
Various modes of sexual reproduction is seen in animals in syngamy, the fusion of two haploid gametes takes place to produce a zygote.
The following kinds of syngamy is prevalent among the living organism.they are Autogamy, exogamy, hologamy, paedogamy,merogamy, isogamy anisogamy and conjugation.
Parthenogenesis is a special type of sexual reproduction in animals.It is of two main types namely natural parthenogenesis and artificial parthenogenesis.