Question

How do we measure distance to galaxies and stars/planets?

Answer 1

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STARS

Astronomers can measure a star's position once, and then again 6 months later and calculate the apparent change in position. The star's apparent motion is called stellar parallax. The distance d is measured in parsecs and the parallax angle p is measured in arcseconds.

GALAXIES

Such stars can help us measure the distance to galaxies 300 million light years away. If a galaxy is too far away for us to distinguish individual stars, astronomers can use supernovae in the same manner, because the light output of supernovae at their peak brightness is a known fact.

PLANETS

Astronomers can use parallax to find distances to objects much farther even than planets. To calculate the distance to a star, astronomers observe it from different places along Earth's orbit around the Sun.

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