How do you find out if a material is ferromagnetic, paramagnetic or diamagnetic?
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Paramagnetic substance:
Paramagnetic substances are the substances which are feebly attracted by a magnet. The atomic orbitals of these substances are partially filled and hence there exists unpaired electrons the cause of magnetisation for these materials is spin and orbital motion of electrons. Some examples include aluminium, chromium, manganese, oxygen, platinum, alkali and alkaline earth metals.
Properties of paramagnetic substances:
(1) Removing the magnetizing field, the paramagnetics lose their magnetisation.
(2) It develops weak magnetisation along the direction of magnetic field.
(3) The magnetic lines of force prefer to pass through the material.
(4) When suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field, it aligns itself in the direction of magnetic field.
(5) It moves from weaker to stronger parts of the magnetic field.
(6) The magnetic permeability is slightly greater than one.
Ferromagnetic substances:
These are the substances which are strongly attracted by a magnet and can be magnetised. Ferromagnetic substances are paramagnetic in nature lent their behaviour is much more intense. Ferromagnetism can be explained on the basis of domain theory. The cause of magnetisation for these substances is the formation of domains.
(i) Domain is a region in which magnetic moment of all atoms is in the same direction.
(ii) At normal temperatures these domains are distributed randomly throughout the entire material. Hence net magnetic moment of the substance is zero.
Some examples of ferromagnetic substances are iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, dysprosium etc.
Properties of ferromagnetic substances
(1) When placed in a non-uniform magnetic field, it moves from weaker to stronger parts of the magnetic field. For example, when a ferromagnetic liquid in a watch glass is placed on two closely placed pole pieces, it is observed that the liquid moves the side to the middle and when the pole pieces are moved apart, the liquid gets depressed in the middle.

(2) The magnetic lines of force tend to pass through the material.
(3) When suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field, it aligns itself parallel to the direction of the magnetic field.
(4) When it is placed in a magnetic field, it develops strong induced magnetism.
(5) With the removal of the magnetizing field, it does not lose its magnetisation.
(6) Its permeability is extremely large compared to that of free space. Hence B >> H.
(7) Magnetic susceptibility has a very large positive value.
(8) When placed in a magnetic field, it is strongly magnetized in the direction of the magnetic field.
(9) The magnetic susceptibility decreases with increase of temperature. That’s why the ferromagnetism decreases with rise of temperature. Maximum at absolute zero of temperature and drops to zero at Curie temperature.
Paramagnetic substances are the substances which are feebly attracted by a magnet. The atomic orbitals of these substances are partially filled and hence there exists unpaired electrons the cause of magnetisation for these materials is spin and orbital motion of electrons. Some examples include aluminium, chromium, manganese, oxygen, platinum, alkali and alkaline earth metals.
Properties of paramagnetic substances:
(1) Removing the magnetizing field, the paramagnetics lose their magnetisation.
(2) It develops weak magnetisation along the direction of magnetic field.
(3) The magnetic lines of force prefer to pass through the material.
(4) When suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field, it aligns itself in the direction of magnetic field.
(5) It moves from weaker to stronger parts of the magnetic field.
(6) The magnetic permeability is slightly greater than one.
Ferromagnetic substances:
These are the substances which are strongly attracted by a magnet and can be magnetised. Ferromagnetic substances are paramagnetic in nature lent their behaviour is much more intense. Ferromagnetism can be explained on the basis of domain theory. The cause of magnetisation for these substances is the formation of domains.
(i) Domain is a region in which magnetic moment of all atoms is in the same direction.
(ii) At normal temperatures these domains are distributed randomly throughout the entire material. Hence net magnetic moment of the substance is zero.
Some examples of ferromagnetic substances are iron, cobalt, nickel, gadolinium, dysprosium etc.
Properties of ferromagnetic substances
(1) When placed in a non-uniform magnetic field, it moves from weaker to stronger parts of the magnetic field. For example, when a ferromagnetic liquid in a watch glass is placed on two closely placed pole pieces, it is observed that the liquid moves the side to the middle and when the pole pieces are moved apart, the liquid gets depressed in the middle.

(2) The magnetic lines of force tend to pass through the material.
(3) When suspended freely in a uniform magnetic field, it aligns itself parallel to the direction of the magnetic field.
(4) When it is placed in a magnetic field, it develops strong induced magnetism.
(5) With the removal of the magnetizing field, it does not lose its magnetisation.
(6) Its permeability is extremely large compared to that of free space. Hence B >> H.
(7) Magnetic susceptibility has a very large positive value.
(8) When placed in a magnetic field, it is strongly magnetized in the direction of the magnetic field.
(9) The magnetic susceptibility decreases with increase of temperature. That’s why the ferromagnetism decreases with rise of temperature. Maximum at absolute zero of temperature and drops to zero at Curie temperature.
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