How does a battery work, while i) Charging and ii) Discharging? explain with diagram.
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Battery are discharged or charged due to oxidation and reduction reactions.
Explanation:
Discharging of Battery
- Two electrodes are placed inside an electrolyte in a battery. When an "external load" with these two electrodes is connected, the oxidation reaction begins in one electrode and, simultaneously, in another electrode there is a reduction. The number of electrons become excess as oxidation takes place. This electrode is called an anode or negative electrode .
- The other electrode requires a "reduction reaction" during the battery discharge. The electrode is called a cathode. The anode excess electrons now flow through "external load" to the cathode. These electrons are "accepted" in the cathode, which implies that cathode material engages in a "reduction reaction".
- The anode oxidation reaction products are now positive cations/ions flowing through the electrolyte to the cathode, whereas the cathode reduction products are negative ions or anions flowing through the electrolyte through the anode.
Charging of Battery
- The "external DC source" is applied to the "battery" while the battery is charged. The negative DC source terminal is linked to the battery's anode or a negative plate and the "positive source terminal" is linked to the battery's cathode or positive plate.
- Now electrons are inserted into the anode because of the external DC source. In anode rather than cathode, the reduction reaction takes place. In fact, the cathode reduction reaction happens when the battery is discharged. Due to the reduction reaction, since the battery was not discharged, the anode content would reacquire electrons and revert into its former state.
- As the positive DC source terminal is connected to the cathod, this positive DC source terminal attracts the electrons. Which triggers the cathode's oxidation reaction and re-emerges the cathode content (when the cathode was not unloaded). This is the fundamental concept of battery charging.
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