How does a chlorine atom differ from a chloride ion?
Answers
An ion is an atom or a molecule carrying some specific charge due to loss or gain of electrons. But on the other hand an atom is a neutral species therefore have no charge on them.
Explanation:
There is a huge difference between a chlorine atom and a chloride ion. Chlorine atom is a neutral species and has no charge on it. A chlorine atom has an atomic number of 17. It's electronic configuration can be given as:-
K L M
2 8 7
Every atom needs 8 electrons in its outermost shell except for a few like hydrogen, helium etc. Here, chlorine needs one more electron to complete its last shell and become stable. Chlorine can do this by forming a bond with other chlorine atom by sharing of electrons or by gaining an electron from the atom of another element. When chlorine will gain an electron it will have a -1 charge {- represents gain and 1 shows gain of 1 electron]. When this happens chlorine will become a chloride ion because now it has some charge on it. Always remember that an ion is only formed through the means of an electrovalent bond and not through a covalent bond.
Your answer mate
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Chlorine :-
1. Chlorine atom is electrically neutral.
2. In chlorine atom, the number of protons (17) is equal to the number of electrons (17)
3. In an atom of chlorine there are 7 outermost electrons.
4. It is unstable.
5. The size of chorine atom is smaller than that of chloride ion.
6. Chlorine atom is reactive. It reacts with sodium vigorously forming sodium chloride.
7. The properties of chlorine atom are due to the presence of electrons in its valence shell.
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Chloride :-
1. Chloride ion is negatively charged.
2. In chloride ion, there are 17 protons but 18 electrons.
3. In a chloride ion there are 8 outermost electrons.
4. It is stable.
5. The size of chloride ion is bigger than that of chlorine atom.
6. Chloride ion is unreactive. It does not react with sodium.
7. The properties of chloride ion are due to its charge.
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