Question

How does an increase in the temperature affect the specific resistance of a-

i) Metal

ii) Semiconductor and

iii) Alloy​

Answer 1

ii) Semiconductor

An increase in the temperature affect the specific resistance of a Semiconductor.

• Yet, for semiconductors, when the temperature rises, the number of carriers in the semiconductor material rises as well, increasing the material's conductivity. As a result, a certain resistance falls.
• The conductivity of the semiconductor increases as temperature rises because more electrons have the energy to move from the conduction band to the valence band.
• The particular resistance of a conductor increases as the temperature rises, while the specific resistance of a semiconductor decreases.
• Conductivity grows with temperature as more valence electrons move from the conduction band to the conduction band. This shows that a semiconductor's electrical conductivity grows with increasing temperature, indicating that a semiconductor has a negative temperature coefficient of resistance.
• A semiconductor's resistance reduces as temperature rises. Whereas the electrical conductivity of a metal decreases with increasing temperature, that of a semiconductor increases as the temperature rises. In the case of a semiconductor, as temperature rises, the free electron has greater energy to overcome the energy barrier from the valence band to the conduction band.
• Resistance drops with temperature as a result of the ease with which more electrons may now move into the conduction band.

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Answer 2

The specific resistance of a material is the measure of its resistance to the flow of electric current. An increase in temperature can affect the specific resistance of different materials in different ways.

i) Metals: The specific resistance of metals generally increases with an increase in temperature. This is because at higher temperatures, the atoms in the metal vibrate more vigorously, leading to more collisions between free electrons and the atoms.
These collisions increase the resistance of the metal, leading to a higher specific resistance.

ii) Semiconductors: The specific resistance of semiconductors generally decreases with an increase in temperature. This is because the number of free electrons increases with an increase in temperature due to the excitation of electrons from the valence band to the conduction band.
This increase in free electrons leads to a decrease in resistance, leading to a lower specific resistance.

iii) Alloys: The specific resistance of alloys can either increase or decrease with an increase in temperature, depending on the alloy's composition.
For example, some alloys may have a lower specific resistance due to an increase in the number of free electrons, while others may have a higher specific resistance due to an increase in impurity scattering.

In summary, an increase in temperature can affect the specific resistance of different materials in different ways, depending on their composition and other factors.

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