how does bacteriophage survive inside living plant or animal cell
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Explanation:
During the lysogenic life cycle, the genome of temperate phages is integrated into the bacterial chromosome. For example, phages drive bacterial evolution by delivering bacterial DNA fragments to neighbouring bacteria by generalized transduction
Answer:
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Viruses
Bacteriophages
Bacteria-infecting viruses. The lytic and lysogenic cycles.
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Introduction
Even bacteria can get a virus! The viruses that infect bacteria are called bacteriophages, and certain bacteriophages have been studied in detail in the lab (making them some of the viruses we understand best).
In this articles, we'll take a look at two different cycles that bacteriophages may use to infect their bacterial hosts:
The lytic cycle: The phage infects a bacterium, hijacks the bacterium to make lots of phages, and then kills the cell by making it explode (lyse).
The lysogenic cycle: The phage infects a bacterium and inserts its DNA into the bacterial chromosome, allowing the phage DNA (now called a prophage) to be copied and passed on along with the cell's own DNA.
Let's take a closer look at each of these cycles.
A bacteriophage is a virus that infects bacteria
A bacteriophage, or phage for short, is a virus that infects bacteria. Like other types of viruses, bacteriophages vary a lot in their shape and genetic material.
Phage genomes can consist of either DNA or RNA, and can contain as few as four genes or as many as several hundred^{1.2.3}
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The capsid of a bacteriophage can be icosahedral, filamentous, or head-tail in shape. The head-tail structure seems to be unique to phages and their close relatives (and is not found in eukaryotic viruses)^{4,5}
4,5
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Icosahedral phage, head-tail phage, and filamentous phage.
Icosahedral phage, head-tail phage, and filamentous phage.
Bacteriophage infections
Bacteriophages, just like other viruses, must infect a host cell in order to reproduce. The steps that make up the infection process are collectively called the lifecycle of the phage.
Some phages can only reproduce via a lytic lifecycle, in which they burst and kill their host cells. Other phages can alternate between a lytic lifecycle and a lysogenic lifecycle, in which they don't kill the host cell (and are instead copied along with the host DNA each time the cell divides
Explanation:
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