Question

How does chloroform reacts with
i: phenol
ii: conc hydrochloric acid

Answer 1

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i. When phenol is treated with chloroform, in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide? which is a base, at 340 K temperature followed by hydrolysis, yields 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde which is also known as salicylaldehyde. This reaction is named as Reimer-Tiemann reaction. 

The reaction is provided in the attachment.

ii. Quantitative conversion of chlorine into Hydrochloric acid is obtained from the thermal reaction of chlorocarbons under either a reductive atmosphere of hydrogen or a combination reductive/oxidative atmosphere of water vapor. 

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Answer 2

(i) Chloroform is deprotonated by a strong base (normally hydroxide) to form the chloroform carbanion which will quickly alpha-eliminate to give dichlorocarbene, this is the principal reactive species. The hydroxide will also deprotonate the phenol to give a negatively charged phenoxide.

(ii) Chloroform will react with water vapor at high temperatures to generate hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide.