Question

How does corruption impact on service delivery?

Answer 1

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• Corruption in service delivery is the form of corruption most frequently encountered by citizens, and can plague all kinds of interactions with the state. According to Transparency International’s 2013 Global Corruption Barometer, 27 per cent of respondents worldwide claimed they had experienced corruption while dealing with a public service provider. This primarily affects marginalised and vulnerable groups, as wealthier, more powerful groups of society are less reliant on state assistance. As such, corruption undermines the “redistributionary” nature of public services, distorts policy decisions away from the public interest and diverts available public resources into the hands of corrupt groups inside, outside and straddling the state apparatus.By undermining the quality and quantity of public services, this type of corruption can fatally erode citizens’ confidence in public institutions and ultimately undermine political stability, as reflected by studies that have found a correlation between civil unrest and low-quality service supply.

• As well as reducing the quantity of public resources available for redistributionary purposes, corruption undermines the quality of services. This can happen in a number of ways. Suppliers can use fraudulent or lower-grade inputs in infrastructure projects or essential supplies (like pharmaceutical products, equipment or textbooks) to increase their profit margin at the expense of intended beneficiaries. Bribery and extortion at the point of delivery can render public services unaffordable for a large segment of the population, effectively depriving the poor of access to key basic services they are entitled to.

• The malignant effect corruption has on the quantity and quality of public services has profound implications for human development outcomes and citizens’ well-being and quality of life. Corruption in service delivery has been shown to have negative effects on poverty rates, human development indicators, mortality rates, child mortality rates, school drop-out rates,trust in governments, and civil unrest. It has also been revealed to have devastating effects on the natural environment,which in some cases can lead to food and water insecurity and mismanagement of precious resources.

• The world's poor are disproportionally affected by the impact of corruption on public services. Research shows that low-income households are more likely to have paid bribes to access basic services than wealthier households. Corruption in service delivery thus exacerbates the effects of poverty and may undermine the outcome of development policies.

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Answer 2

Answer:

The type of corruption that affects contacts with the state on all scales and is most frequently experienced by citizens is corruption in service delivery. In engaging with a provider of public services

Explanation:

• The type of corruption that affects contacts with the state on all scales and is most frequently experienced by citizens is corruption in service delivery. In engaging with a provider of public services,
• 27% of respondents globally said they have encountered corruption, according to Transparency International's 2013 Global Corruption Barometer. Since wealthier, more powerful segments of society are less dependent on governmental aid, this predominantly impacts marginalized and disadvantaged populations.
• Corruption in service delivery is the type that affects interactions with the state on all scales and is most commonly encountered by citizens. When interacting with a public service provider

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