how does excessive irrigation lead to soil salinity
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The salts are a byproduct of the soil's parent material. Parent material = rocks. If the parent material is predominantly in the form of Calcium and Magnesium minerals, then your soil will have the calcium and magnesium salts.
With irrigation, the soils reach field capacity and the water dissolves the salts. Essentially, the salts are in 'suspension'. After irrigation, the water evaporates or is used by the crop. When this happens and the soils begin to dry out, the salts adhere to the soil particles and are left behind the receding water front. Therefore, salts accumulate in the upper portion of the soil profile more so than deeper in the soil profile.
The farmer irrigates and the process is repeated.
With irrigation, the soils reach field capacity and the water dissolves the salts. Essentially, the salts are in 'suspension'. After irrigation, the water evaporates or is used by the crop. When this happens and the soils begin to dry out, the salts adhere to the soil particles and are left behind the receding water front. Therefore, salts accumulate in the upper portion of the soil profile more so than deeper in the soil profile.
The farmer irrigates and the process is repeated.
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