How does Mahayana Buddhism resemble and differ from devotional Hinduism?
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Both Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism believe in Samsara and Karma.
Hinduism is not founded by a definite person but Buddhism is founded by Buddha.
Both believe wish is the root cause of suffering.
Hinduism follows vedas while Buddhism does not follow it.
Both emphasize compassion and peace to all living beings.
Buddhism does not believe Hindu gods are as powerful as Buddha.
Both believe in several heavens and hells.
Buddhists think the aim in life is overcoming sorrow.
Hindus think there are four targets- Kama, Dharma, artha and moksha.
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In the 'Indian subcontinent' both 'Hindu and Buddhism' originated and share a long but rather 'peculiar and uncomfortable relationship' comparable to that of Christianity and Judaism in many ways. Although both religion differences were fundamental, Hinduism and Buddhism had a variety of influences. The 'Buddhist notion of non-injury' and 'compassion for all living creatures' has deep roots in the Indian region, while Mahayana Buddhism has taken account of traditional Indian worship practices.
EXPLANATION:
Similarities
- Origin: In the 'Indian subcontinent' both developed and evolved. Buddhism's founder was a Hindu prince who became the Buddha. Buddhism is ancient India's greatest gift to the world. Buddhist teachings had prevailed in many parts of the world for almost two millennia and influenced the development of culture and civilisation.
- World: Both Hinduism and Buddhism emphasize the illusion of the universe and the role of karma and the action of desire in holding the creatures bound together in the process of births and deaths.
- Doctrine: Hinduism and Buddhism are dharmic religions. Though the nature and intent of dharma vary, it is fundamental to both. Both religions believe in the concept of karma, the cycle of births and deaths (samsara), the transmigration or reincarnation or rebirth of beings (or souls) according to their previous karma.
- Virtues: Both religion stress the importance of fostering humanity, non-violence and selfless service to every living creature for freedom.
- Gods: They believe in the existence of celestial gods and beings at various levels. There are also common names of various Gods such as Indra, Brahma, Yama, Varuna, etc.
- Practices: Both believe in the importance of certain spiritual practices in order to attain freedom such as yoga, meditation practice, focus, awareness, cultivation of some bhavas or meditation (jhanas), and so on.
- Purity and Character: They believe in separation, renunciation of life on earth, non-possession and cultivation as prerequisites for emancipation, such as nonviolence, truthfulness, vowfulness etc.
Differences
- Founder: No prophet seer or guru found Hinduism. Buddhism has been founded by the Buddha. Hinduism isn't a religion organised. Buddhism is divided in many ways into three groups-Buddha, Sangha and Dharma.
- Scriptures: Hinduism assumes that the Vedas are inviolable and eternal. But the Buddhist does not believe in the inviolability of any given scripture, and respect the lessons of the Buddha, in particular those concerning the Four Noble Truths or Dharma.
- Gods/Devas: Gods and deities (devas) are divine in Hinduism. In Buddhism they can be modified and decayed in Buddhism, including those who are named after the Hindu gods like Brahma, Indra, Varuna, and so on. They have been living, but not buried, for millions of years.
- Worship: The Buddha's original Buddhism is called Theravada or Hinayana Buddhism. The Buddha or his images are not adorned ritually by his followers. I don't trust the Bodhisattva theory, too. Ritual adoration of gods and deity is a fundamental characteristic of Hinduism. Many branches of Buddhism, like the Mahayana sect, however, ritually worship the Buddha's forms and images.
- Renunciation: Hinduism recognizes four ashrams steps in human life and urges householders after fulfilling all worldly obligations to exercise renunciation (sanyasa). In Buddhism it is not practiced. Buddhists, even as young children, can always join the monk order (Sangha) according to their spiritual readability. In both religions, however, people have the option to give up depending on themselves or on their parents or teachers.
- Status of Gods: The Hindu gods are very strong and can be worshiped as the highest creation gods. They play an important role in ensuring that the world is in order and regular. They are also praised and offered ritually. Buddhist gods do not have the same high standing or fame.
- Karma and Rebirth: While both religions believe in karma and rebirth, they vary in how these beliefs work and decide the future of the universe. The embodied self (jivatma) is captured in Samsara and undergoes transmigration, and must be free through self-purification in Hinduism. It is the being in Buddhism that is caught in the samsara and that has to accomplish Nirvana through self-transformation and dissipation.
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