❶ How does process of ⠀pollination is differ from that ⠀of fertilization ?
❷ Write in brief about the post fertilization changes taking place in a flower.
❸ Explain the different methods of vegetative reproduction in plant .
❹ Explain the various changes taking place in the utary wall during fertilization .
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Answer:
1)Transfer of pollen grains from anther to stigma is called pollination. On the other hand, fusion of male and female gametes is called fertilization. Ovary is the site of fertilization and embryo is the product of fertilization.
2) Post-fertilization changes in flower are:
i) The sepal, petal and stamen of the flower withers and fall off only pistil remains attached to the plant.
ii) The ovules develop into the seed.
iii) The zygote develops into the embryo.
3) *Vegetative propagation by roots: New plants arise from the swollen roots buried in the soil.
Example: Sweet potato, dahlia, Asparagus.
*Vegetative propagation by leaves: Buds and plantlets along the leave’s margin detach and form new plants.
Example: Begonia, Bryophyllum.
*Vegetative propagation by stems: Many plants multiply by stems or their modifications like:
(a) Potato is an underground swollen stem (tuber) which has eyes that form new plants.
(b) Ginger is a modified underground swollen stem (rhizome) which has buds to form new plants.
(c) Gladiolus and saffron have short swollen underground stem (corm) forming new plants.
(d) Strawberry has long stems called runners. Buds on them form new plants.
*Budding: Bulbs have an underground stem to which the leaves are attached. These leaves are capable of storing food. The centre of the bulb contains an apical bud that produces leaves and flowers. Shoots are developed from the lateral buds.
4)In the uterus, the cells continue to divide, becoming a hollow ball of cells called a blastocyst. The blastocyst implants in the wall of the uterus about 6 days after fertilization. If more than one egg is released and fertilized, the pregnancy involves more than one fetus, usually two (twins).
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