How does prokaryotic transcription and translation differ from these processes in eukaryotic cells
Answers
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Transcription involves synthesis of RNA molecules with the help of RNA polymerase and parent DNA molecule, while translation involves synthesis of polypeptide chains to make proteins with the help of information present in mRNA molecule.
In prokaryotic organisms, transcription and translation occurs simultaneously at same place (in cytoplasm) as nucleus is absent in prokaryotic cells. It means, in these organisms, translation gets started, when mRNA synthesis (transcription) is still taking place.
In eukaryotic cells, transcription and translation occur separately at different places. In these organisms, first transcription takes place in nucleus, when mRNA is synthesized and then, the mRNA is transported to the cytosol, where translation takes place.
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Transcription is the process in which the synthesis of the RNA molecules along with the support of the RNA polymerase and the parent DNA.
Whereas the process of translation deals with the synthesis of polypeptide network to produce proteins with the help of the mRNA molecules.
In the eukaryotic cells, the two processes occur in different places.
Transcription takes place in the nucleus and translation takes place when the mRNA is transferred to the cytosol.