how does rainfall replenish ground water
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Groundwater is recharged naturally by rain and snow melt and to a smaller extent by surface water (rivers and lakes). ... These activities can result in loss of topsoil resulting in reduced water infiltration, enhanced surface runoff and reduction in recharge.
Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer. This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and, is often expressed as a flux to the water table surface. Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving away from the water table farther into the saturated zone.[1] Recharge occurs both naturally (through the water cycle) and through anthropogenic processes (i.e., "artificial groundwater recharge"), where rainwater and or reclaimed water is routed to the subsurface.
The future of climate change introduces the opportunity of implications regarding the availability of groundwater recharge for future drainage basin. Recent studies explore different results of future groundwater recharge rates based on theoretical moist, medium, and arid climates. The model projects a series of various rainfall patterns.
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