How does speciation takes place
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Sympatric speciation occurs when populations of a species that share the same habitat become reproductively isolated from each other. This speciation phenomenon most commonly occurs through polyploidy, in which an offspring or group of offspring will be produced with twice the normal number of chromosomes.
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Typically, for species to diverge, there is isolation of groups, such that one group can genetically drift far enough from the DNA of the original version, such that its too difficult for them to successfully breed with each other.
Basically, the DNA is like a ladder with rungs, that gets broken down the middle, so one rail goes one way, and the other rail goes another…
…and, if the sperm’s rail and the egg’s rail’s, rungs, don’t line up well enough, there’s no offspring, or, the offspring might be sickly or sterile, etc.
For example, a donkey and a horse are closely realted, but, are different species.
They can breed, but, their offspring are sterile.
Homo sapiens and Neanderthals were closely related, but, only female offspring could survive, not males…so, they would be considered a different species, just barely.
As for when that “happens”, there is really no “moment”
Species is what we call a lineage at a specific point in time…analogous to an infant being born, then becoming a toddler, and then a child, and then a young man, and then a middle aged man, and then an old man…
And asking what second of what day did the baby become a toddler?
So, if ASKING “when” speciation takes place, the “when” is analogous to that second the baby became a toddler.
To help understand, in evolution, a mother of one species NEVER EVER EVER gives birth to offspring of a different species. An individual of a species never changes to a different species.
What is happening is simply that genes are passed on, or, they are not.
If the genes are passed on, the lineage doesn’t go extinct.
If the genes are NOT passed on, the lineage goes extinct.
Taller parents have taller kids….if being tall means getting to pass on genes…there will be more tall kids, who in turn will tend to have tall kids too, and so forth.
If getting TOO tall means passing on fewer genes, parents of the height that did pass on genes, will pass on genes that go with that height, and so forth.
Over many many generations, gene sets that are passed on are what’s left, and the ones that are not passed on, are weeded out.
That is evolution.
Basically, the DNA is like a ladder with rungs, that gets broken down the middle, so one rail goes one way, and the other rail goes another…
…and, if the sperm’s rail and the egg’s rail’s, rungs, don’t line up well enough, there’s no offspring, or, the offspring might be sickly or sterile, etc.
For example, a donkey and a horse are closely realted, but, are different species.
They can breed, but, their offspring are sterile.
Homo sapiens and Neanderthals were closely related, but, only female offspring could survive, not males…so, they would be considered a different species, just barely.
As for when that “happens”, there is really no “moment”
Species is what we call a lineage at a specific point in time…analogous to an infant being born, then becoming a toddler, and then a child, and then a young man, and then a middle aged man, and then an old man…
And asking what second of what day did the baby become a toddler?
So, if ASKING “when” speciation takes place, the “when” is analogous to that second the baby became a toddler.
To help understand, in evolution, a mother of one species NEVER EVER EVER gives birth to offspring of a different species. An individual of a species never changes to a different species.
What is happening is simply that genes are passed on, or, they are not.
If the genes are passed on, the lineage doesn’t go extinct.
If the genes are NOT passed on, the lineage goes extinct.
Taller parents have taller kids….if being tall means getting to pass on genes…there will be more tall kids, who in turn will tend to have tall kids too, and so forth.
If getting TOO tall means passing on fewer genes, parents of the height that did pass on genes, will pass on genes that go with that height, and so forth.
Over many many generations, gene sets that are passed on are what’s left, and the ones that are not passed on, are weeded out.
That is evolution.
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