Biology, asked by adityagupta3174, 1 year ago

How does the dna doubles but chromosome number remains same during synthesis phase of cell cycle?

Answers

Answered by chagahak1
0
DNA replication occurs during each cell division.
*During replication, the enzyme helicases unwind and uncoil the DNA double helix into single strands of DNA by the breakdown of hydrogen bonds.
*DNA polymerase is the the main enzyme that catalyses the replication process.
*It is a DNA-dependent as it uses the DNA template to catalyse the polymerisation of deoxyribonucleotides.
*The deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates that act as substrates also serve as the energy source for the reaction. The terminal phosphates in the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates break down to provide energy as ATP.
*Topoisomerase helps in the separation of a DNA helix.
*As a result, replication bubbles are formed that extend as a Y-shaped replication fork.
*This replication fork is actually a small opening in the DNA helix where replication occurs.
*Replication occurs continuosly on the strand that has 3'-5' polarity. It is known as the leading strand.
*Replication on the other template strand with 5'-3' is discontinuous. It is known as the lagging strand.
*These discontinuously replicated fragments are also known as Okazaki fragments. *These are then joined by the enzyme DNA ligase.
*Thus at the end of replication process there are two molecules of double stranded DNA.



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