How does the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon affect the tides???
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Answers
However, it's the Moon that matters because it is closer to the Earth. There is a much larger difference in the Moon's gravitational field between the Earth's near surface, the Earth's center, and the Earth's far surface than for the Sun.
This means that the Moon's contribution to the Earth's tides is roughly double that of the Sun. The reason the Moon has a greater effect on the Earth's tides is not the magnitude of its gravitational force over the Earth but because it's closer to us than the Sun. And because it is much closer, the Moon is constantly attracting waters of the Earth.
The gravitational attraction between the Earth and the Sun is more than 177 times that between the Earth and the Moon but, because the Sun is 390 times further from the Earth than is the Moon, the Moon rules the tidal movement.
There's a major difference - 6 percent - in its gravitational pull on the water on the near side vs. the far side, while for the Sun the difference is much less (even though the Sun's gravitational force is greater).
It's the difference from near to far side that's important in creating tides, not the absolute strength of the gravitational pull. The Sun's impact on the tides is 44 percent that of the Moon, i.e., slightly less than half.
When the Moon is in line with one side of the Earth, it pulls on the water, causing a high tide. Because the Earth rotates on its axis, the Moon completes one orbit in our sky every 24 hours and 50 minutes. Thus, we observe two tidal peaks - as well as two tidal troughs - roughly every 12 hours.
Earth, Moon, and Sun: tides are more extreme when the Sun's gravitational pull lines up with the Moon's gravitational pull | Illustration: NASA
Since the Moon moves around the Earth, it is not always in the same place at the same time each day. So, each day, the times for high and low tides change by 50 minutes.
When the Moon, Earth and Sun are perfectly aligned, the sum of the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon cause maximum tide or extreme tides.
When the Moon lies between the Earth and the Sun, we observe a New Moon. When the Moon is on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun, a Full Moon is visible. In both of these cases, tides are 20 percent lower and higher, respectively, than the normal tides.
ANSWER;__♧
The oceans are liquid and easily flow around. The moon’s gravitational pull has no problem pulling this liquid towards it. Notice high tide is when the moon is straight up, half the time. The other half is moon is on the other side. The water does not move instantly. The water on the opposite side of earth from the moon is being pulled into the earth, and thus doesn’t really go anywhere. Meanwhile the water on the sides gets pulled to the moon facing side of the the earth = high tide.
The sun also has influence, but it is smaller due to it is further away from us. The result is sometimes the tides are higher or lower than average when the sun’s pull and the moon’s pull lineup or counter each other.
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