How does the metal magnesium differ from the metal calcium in their reaction with water?
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The use of a gas jar full of oxygen can be used to combust other metals. This method can be used to compare different metals and their reactivity with oxygen by observing the reaction.
Metals that react with oxygen produce oxides as their products.
Metal:Observation:Order of reactivity:Product:SodiumBurns quickly with a bright yellow flame.1st - most reactive.Na2O, sodium peroxide - a yellow powder.MagnesiumBurns with a brilliant white flame.2nd.MgO, magnesium oxide - a white ash.IronDoes not burn. Hot metal glows in oxygen and gives off yellow sparks.3rd.Fe203, iron oxide - an orange powder.CopperDoes not burn. Metal eventually coats with a black layer.4th - least reactive.CuO, copper oxide - a black powder.
Of course, other metals react with oxygen, some more than sodium, for example, potassium. Others, such as gold, do not react at all.
Reaction of metals with water
Some metals also react with water, but like their reaction with oxygen, they react in different ways. We can observe the reaction of metals and water by placing the metals in a trough of cold water.


Alternatively, we can observe the difference in reaction of metals using steam (hot water) instead of cold water.

The table below illustrates the observations taken when different metals are placed in water:
Metal:Reaction:Order of reactivity:Products:PotassiumViolent reaction with cold water. Floats and catches fire.1st - most reactive.Potassium hydroxide, KOH and hydrogen gas.SodiumVery vigorous reaction with cold water. Floats. Can be lit with a lighted splint.2nd.Sodium hydroxide, NaOH and hydrogen gas.CalciumLess vigorous with cold water.3rd.Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2and hydrogen gas.MagnesiumVery slow with cold water, but vigorous with steam.4th.Magnesium oxide, MgO and hydrogen gas.ZincQuite slow with steam.5th.Zinc oxide, ZnO and hydrogen gas.IronSlow with steam.6th.Iron oxide, Fe203 and hydrogen gas.CopperNo reaction with steam.7th - least reactive.
Note: The first three in the table above produce hydroxides and the rest, if they react, produce oxides.
The production of the hydroxide (alkali) can be tested by adding universal indicator (UI) to the reaction vessel - UI changes from green to purple in the presence of these hydroxides.
To test for the release of hydrogen gas, place a lighted splint over the reacting metal - if it 'pops' then hydrogen is present.
In the case of potassium, this reaction produces enough heat to set alight the hydrogen gas itself.
Reaction of metals with acid
Let's now look at the reaction between metals and acids to see if they can also help distinguish difference in reactivity.
Metal:Reaction with hydrochloric acid:Order of reactivity:Products:MagnesiumVigorously reacts with a stream of gas evolving.1st - most reactive.Magnesium chloride, MgCl2 and hydrogen gas.ZincQuite slow reaction with a steady stream of gas evolving.2nd.Zinc chloride, ZnCl2 and hydrogen gas.IronSlow reaction with a gentle stream of gas evolving.3rd.Iron chloride, FeCl2 and hydrogen gas.LeadVery slow and acid must be concentrated.4th.Lead chloride, PbCl2 and hydrogen gas.CopperNo reaction.5th - least reactive.
If we compare the results of the reaction of metals with acid with those of the reactions with oxygen and water, we note that the same order of reactivity is repeated.
Metals that react with oxygen produce oxides as their products.
Metal:Observation:Order of reactivity:Product:SodiumBurns quickly with a bright yellow flame.1st - most reactive.Na2O, sodium peroxide - a yellow powder.MagnesiumBurns with a brilliant white flame.2nd.MgO, magnesium oxide - a white ash.IronDoes not burn. Hot metal glows in oxygen and gives off yellow sparks.3rd.Fe203, iron oxide - an orange powder.CopperDoes not burn. Metal eventually coats with a black layer.4th - least reactive.CuO, copper oxide - a black powder.
Of course, other metals react with oxygen, some more than sodium, for example, potassium. Others, such as gold, do not react at all.
Reaction of metals with water
Some metals also react with water, but like their reaction with oxygen, they react in different ways. We can observe the reaction of metals and water by placing the metals in a trough of cold water.


Alternatively, we can observe the difference in reaction of metals using steam (hot water) instead of cold water.

The table below illustrates the observations taken when different metals are placed in water:
Metal:Reaction:Order of reactivity:Products:PotassiumViolent reaction with cold water. Floats and catches fire.1st - most reactive.Potassium hydroxide, KOH and hydrogen gas.SodiumVery vigorous reaction with cold water. Floats. Can be lit with a lighted splint.2nd.Sodium hydroxide, NaOH and hydrogen gas.CalciumLess vigorous with cold water.3rd.Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2and hydrogen gas.MagnesiumVery slow with cold water, but vigorous with steam.4th.Magnesium oxide, MgO and hydrogen gas.ZincQuite slow with steam.5th.Zinc oxide, ZnO and hydrogen gas.IronSlow with steam.6th.Iron oxide, Fe203 and hydrogen gas.CopperNo reaction with steam.7th - least reactive.
Note: The first three in the table above produce hydroxides and the rest, if they react, produce oxides.
The production of the hydroxide (alkali) can be tested by adding universal indicator (UI) to the reaction vessel - UI changes from green to purple in the presence of these hydroxides.
To test for the release of hydrogen gas, place a lighted splint over the reacting metal - if it 'pops' then hydrogen is present.
In the case of potassium, this reaction produces enough heat to set alight the hydrogen gas itself.
Reaction of metals with acid
Let's now look at the reaction between metals and acids to see if they can also help distinguish difference in reactivity.
Metal:Reaction with hydrochloric acid:Order of reactivity:Products:MagnesiumVigorously reacts with a stream of gas evolving.1st - most reactive.Magnesium chloride, MgCl2 and hydrogen gas.ZincQuite slow reaction with a steady stream of gas evolving.2nd.Zinc chloride, ZnCl2 and hydrogen gas.IronSlow reaction with a gentle stream of gas evolving.3rd.Iron chloride, FeCl2 and hydrogen gas.LeadVery slow and acid must be concentrated.4th.Lead chloride, PbCl2 and hydrogen gas.CopperNo reaction.5th - least reactive.
If we compare the results of the reaction of metals with acid with those of the reactions with oxygen and water, we note that the same order of reactivity is repeated.
Akanshaqueen:
it's nice but too long and hard to learn and remember....
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Calcium reacts with normal water whereas magnesium reacts with cold water...
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