Question

how does the structure of an atom help produce static electricity?

Answer 1

No. The geomagnetic field is generated by the earth's gravitational energy. The process of magnetohydrodynamic generation of the field is dependent on the convection of trillions of trillions of tons of molten magma in the Earth's mantle (between the molten core and the tectonic plates of the crust). The Earth's magnetic field may not very powerful, most tiny magnets in your home are stronger, but it is so massive that we could not disrupt it in any way with electricity unless you built an electrically powered refrigerator out of Jupiter. That is because in order to actually damage the Earth's magnetic field you would need to stop the convection of the mantle. This could be done by cooling the mantle to the point where it becomes solid. However even though it has already been cooling off for 4.5 billion years it cannot really -stay- cool because the pressure at the core is so high and the radioactive materials in the core continue to generate heat. Consequently the temperature of the earth's core is believed to be about 5000 to 6000 degrees c. As I said; it -is- cooling; but very slowly. It loses only about 100 deg c every billion years. Therefore it will be quite some time before the mantle solidifies - if it ever does. At the current rate of cooling the earth's outer core will still be molten in 5 - 6 billion years, which is why you would need an incredibly cold giant gas planet to use like a freezer to speed things up...