How have development in biotechnology contributed to development of plant varieties?
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An understanding of genetic principles and their application to plant breeding technology has greatly accelerated the rate of improvement of crop plants. Researchers estimate that at least half of the several-fold yield increases attained in wheat and rice during the Green Revolutionresulted from the development and use of genetically improved varieties.
Plant traits are encoded in the DNA of their genes. Sometimes many different genes can influence a desirable trait, making it difficult for plant breeders to accumulate them all into a single variety. Marker-assisted breeding allows breeders to map and trace thousands of genes and screen large populations of plants for those that possess the traits of interest. The marker, or genetic tag, can be based on either DNA or proteins. Molecular markers have enabled high-throughput genotyping and accelerated the rate at which breeders can incorporate useful traits into new varieties.
Breeders often make crosses between plants of diverse genetic makeup or genotypes to produce new combinations of genetic traits, which then result in diverse phenotypes, or observable morphological or quality traits in the progeny plants. The natural diversity of different sources of germplasm within a species or its close relatives is a primary source of genetic variation.
Plant traits are encoded in the DNA of their genes. Sometimes many different genes can influence a desirable trait, making it difficult for plant breeders to accumulate them all into a single variety. Marker-assisted breeding allows breeders to map and trace thousands of genes and screen large populations of plants for those that possess the traits of interest. The marker, or genetic tag, can be based on either DNA or proteins. Molecular markers have enabled high-throughput genotyping and accelerated the rate at which breeders can incorporate useful traits into new varieties.
Breeders often make crosses between plants of diverse genetic makeup or genotypes to produce new combinations of genetic traits, which then result in diverse phenotypes, or observable morphological or quality traits in the progeny plants. The natural diversity of different sources of germplasm within a species or its close relatives is a primary source of genetic variation.
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The application of recombinant DNA technology to facilitate genetic exchange in crops has several advantages over traditional breeding methods. ... Application of recombinant DNA technology to plant breeding also allows more rapid development of varieties containing new and desirable traits.
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