Question

How himalyan river can flow in winter when glacier became freeze?

Answer 1

Well - glaciers don't form from rivers that freeze. Glaciers form when snow falls and doesn't all melt - so the next year, more snow falls which doesn't melt, until eventually you have a thick sheet of frozen snow which is thoroughly compacted: an ice sheet. When the ice continues to 'grow', it begins to move down through valleys (which usually DO have a river or stream in them, because the ice does melt in summer - it just doesn't ALL melt). Glaciers move down these valleys, carving out the sides into a U shaped valley (stream valleys are generally more V-shaped in cross section). If the glacial ice reaches the base of the mountains (most glaciers from as snow accumulates in high, mountainous country) then the melting summer ice may form piles of dirt and rocks called a 'moraine' which sometimes blocks the meltwater, forming lakes behind them - sometimes at least.

Answer 2

Snowmelt and icemelt are believed to be important regulators of seasonal discharge of Himalayan rivers. To analyze the long term contribution of snowmelt and glacier/icemelt to river hydrology we apply a water budget model to simulate hydrology of the Liddar watershed in the western Himalaya, India for the 20th century (1901–2010) and future IPCC A1B climate change scenario. Long term (1901–2010) temperature and precipitation data in this region show a warming trend (0.08°C yr−1) and an increase in precipitation (0.28 mm yr−1), with a significant variability in seasonal trends. In particular, winter months have undergone the most warming, along with a decrease in precipitation rates; precipitation has increased throughout the spring.