how hydrogen is prepared by Bosch process
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Haber-Bosch process, also called Haber ammonia process, or synthetic ammonia process, method of directly synthesizing ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen, developed by the German physical chemist Fritz Haber.
Haber-Bosch was the first industrial chemical process to use high pressure for a chemical reaction. It directly combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen under extremely high pressures and moderately high temperatures. A catalyst made mostly from iron enables the reaction to be carried out at a lower temperature than would otherwise be practicable, while the removal of ammonia from the batch as soon as it is formed ensures that an equilibriumfavouring product formation is maintained. The lower the temperature and the higher the pressure used, the greater the proportion of ammonia yielded in the mixture. For commercial production, the reaction is carried out at pressures ranging from 200 to 400 atmospheres and at temperatures ranging from 400° to 650° C (750° to 1200° F). The Haber-Bosch process is the most economical for the fixation of nitrogen and with modifications continues in use as one of the basic processes of the chemical industry in the world. See alsonitrogen fixation.
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Haber-Bosch process, also called Haber ammonia process, or synthetic ammonia process, method of directly synthesizing ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen, developed by the German physical chemist Fritz Haber.
Haber-Bosch was the first industrial chemical process to use high pressure for a chemical reaction. It directly combines nitrogen from the air with hydrogen under extremely high pressures and moderately high temperatures. A catalyst made mostly from iron enables the reaction to be carried out at a lower temperature than would otherwise be practicable, while the removal of ammonia from the batch as soon as it is formed ensures that an equilibriumfavouring product formation is maintained. The lower the temperature and the higher the pressure used, the greater the proportion of ammonia yielded in the mixture. For commercial production, the reaction is carried out at pressures ranging from 200 to 400 atmospheres and at temperatures ranging from 400° to 650° C (750° to 1200° F). The Haber-Bosch process is the most economical for the fixation of nitrogen and with modifications continues in use as one of the basic processes of the chemical industry in the world. See alsonitrogen fixation.
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THIS METHOD INVOLVES TWO STAGES:
WHEN SUPER HEATED STEAM IS PASSED THROUGH WHITE HOT COKE OR CHARCOAL AN ENDOTHERMIC REACTION TAKES PLACE WITH THE FORMATION OF A MIXTURE OF EQUAL VOLUMES OF CARBON MONOXIDE GAS AND HYDROGEN COMMONLY CALLED WATER GAS .
THE WATER GAS SO FORMED IS MIXED WITH TWICE THE VOLUME OF SUPER HEATED STEAM AND PASSED OVER A MIXTURE OF FERRIC OXIDE AND CHROMIUM OXIDE AT 450DEGREE C -500DEGREE C WHEN CARBON MONOXIDE IS OXIDISED TO CARBON DIOXIDE .THIS REACTION IS CALLED WATER GAS SHIFT REACTION
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