Question

How inelastic collision of accelerated electrons with atoms confirm the existence of atomic energy levels?

Answer 1

Answer: When accelerated electrons collide with atoms, they can transfer their kinetic energy to the atoms, causing them to become excited. This means that the electrons in the atoms are promoted to higher energy levels, which are quantized according to the rules of quantum mechanics.

As these excited atoms eventually return to their ground state, they release this excess energy in the form of photons with specific energies, corresponding to the difference in energy between the excited state and the ground state. These photons can be detected and their energy can be measured using instruments such as a spectrometer.

The pattern of energy levels and corresponding photon emissions observed in such collisions confirms the existence of atomic energy levels. The fact that the energy levels are quantized, with specific discrete values rather than a continuous range of values, is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics and a key feature of the behavior of atoms and molecules.

The study of such collisions and the resulting emissions of photons is the basis of many experimental techniques used in fields such as spectroscopy and quantum chemistry and has led to a much deeper understanding of the behavior of atoms and molecules.

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Answer 2

Inelastic collision of accelerated electrons with atoms can confirm the existence of atomic energy levels:

• A portion of the kinetic energy of particles colliding in an inelastic collision is converted to internal energy. For instance, the electrons in an atom are said to be bound because they have specific discrete energies.
• A bonded electron may become stimulated during a collision, moving from a low to a high energy state.
• But only kinetic energy may be used for this, and only if it is greater than the disparity between the two energy states. The threshold energy needed to release an electron is known as the ionisation energy.
• If the energy is sufficient, a bound electron may be excited to such a high level that it becomes a free electron, and the atom is said to be ionised.
• Additional discrete energy levels that can be excited by particle or photon collisions exist for molecules. The molecule can split into atoms or into atoms and atomic ions at sufficiently high contact energies.
• Similar to atoms, molecules can ionise when electrons and photons collide with them, creating molecular ions. In general, the inelastic collision reaction rate is comparable to the rate of chemical reactions.
• The atoms lose all of their electrons when heated to a high enough level, leaving only their empty atomic nuclei.

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