Question

how is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic or breaks

Answer 1

Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Definition

These are organisms made up of cells that lack a cell nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles.

These organisms are made up of cells that possess a membrane-bound nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles.

Nucleus

It has no nucleus.

It has a true nucleus, bounded by a double membrane.

DNA arrangement

It has a circular loop.

It is linear.

Size

Small cells ( < 5 µm)

Large cells ( < 10 µm)

Cell

Always unicellular

Mostly multi-cellular

Cell wall

Usually present; chemically complex in nature

When present, chemically simple in nature

Protein

It does not contain protein in its DNA.

It contains proteins in the DNA to form chromatin.

Ribosome

It contains small ribosomes.

It contains large ribosomes.

Cytoplasm

No cytoskeleton

Always have cytoskeleton

Cell division

Cell division is by binary fission

Cell division is by mitosis

Reproduction

Reproduction is always asexual

Reproduction is asexual or sexual

Metabolic pathways

Huge variety of metabolic pathways

Common metabolic pathways

Flagella

Consist of two protein building blocks

It is complex in nature and consists of multiple microtubules

Multi-cellular forms

Rare

Common with extensive tissue formation

Mesosomes

They perform functions of golgi-bodies and mitochondria, and also help in separation of chromosomes.

Not present

Plasma membrane

No carbohydrates and lacks sterols

Sterols and carbohydrates are both present

Glycocalyx 

Present as a capsule or slime layer

Present in some cells which lack a cell wall

Example

Bacteria and Archaea

 Animal cells and plant cells

Answer 2

Prokaryotic Cell 1. Cell size is generally small (1-10 μm) 2. Nucleus is not bounded by a membrane and it is called nucleoid.  3. Only a single chromosome is present. 4. Nucleolus is absent. 5. Membrane bound cell organelles are absent. 6. Cell division by fission or budding (no mitosis).

7. For example - bacteria etc.
Eukaryotic Cell 1. Cell is generally large (5-100 (μm) 2. Nuclear material is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. 3. More than one chromosome are present. 4. Nucleolus is present. 5. Cell organelles bounded by membrane are present. 6. Cell division mitotic or meiotic.

7. For example plants and animals.