Question

How is artificial hybridisation useful to plants?(In detail)

Answer 1

Pollination is the process on which plants depend to transfer pollen grains from anther to stigma. It can be either cross-pollination or self-pollination, and their results vary. All pollinations will not lead to a successful fertilization because of a successful fertilization pistil of a flower has to recognize its right pollen of same species. In other words, pollen and stigma should be compatible. Incompatibility may lead to rejection of pollen. This situation is undesirable, especially in commercial crop production. Thus, artificial hybridization was developed.

Artificial Hybridization

As mentioned, pollen-stigma compatibility is essential for a successful pollination and fertilization. Once compatible pollen is accepted by pistil, events for fertilization proceeds, whereas incompatible pollen will be rejected. This interaction where a pistil is capable of recognizing its pollen is the result of long-term pollen-pistil interaction and chemicals released by pollen.

Understanding of pollen-pistil interaction is important in hybridization. It is one of the innovative methods of the crop production improvement program. During artificial hybridization, only the desired pollen grains are introduced to the stigma through pollination. This helps to avoid unwanted pollen rejection and saves time.

Hybridization proceeds in two steps, one is emasculation and another is bagging.

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Answer 2

Knowledge on Pollen-pistil interaction helps in crossing different species/genera to produce commercially superior varieties, the technique we now know as Artificial Hybridization.

Artificial hybridization is the process in which only desired pollen grains are used for pollination & fertilization. The advantages of hybridization are:

1) They can increase the yield.

2) Two species combine to form the best of the organism eliminating the unwanted qualities of both the parent species.

3) They result in the formation of organisms which possess various qualities such as disease resistance, stress resistance etc.