How is Black hole formed ?
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How are black holes formed?
Stellar Black Holes
A star is massive. The gravitational acceleration at the surface is... um, massive, too. The star doesn't collapse under that gravity because the gravity is balanced by an outward force of radiation as the star burns its fuel.

However, one day the star runs out of fuel to burn and that radiation force disappears, leaving the star at the mercy of gravity. After exploding as a supernova, it begins to condense. If it is massive enough, it will overcome the atomic and nuclear forces and force the mass to inhabit less space.

The star continues to condense, as it does so the escape velocity at the surface increases because the mass of the star is staying constant, but its radius is getting smaller and smaller.

If the star is at least five times the mass of our Sun, the escape velocity will eventually be greater than the speed of light and nothing can escape. The star will then be a black hole. The value of "r" for a black hole formed from a star five times the mass of our Sun would be about 14 km.
Supermassive Black Holes
Less well understood are supermassive black holes (SBH), but the basic idea is that we aren't waiting for a star to run out of fuel. We are using the same equation as above, but we increase the mass by taking a massive object and adding more mass to it. This could be the collision of two massive objects or it could happen through gradual accretion, such as a collapsing cloud.
The supermassive black holes at the center of many galaxies are believed to be as massive as 3 billion of our Suns. The largest SBH found, to date, is believed to be as massive as 17 billion of our Suns.
Micro Black Holes
The idea of mini black holes was introduced by Stephen Hawking about 40 years ago. He reasoned that the extremely energetic expansion of the universe immediately after the Big Bang could have squeezed small amounts of matter to incredible densities. This could happen to any size mass above the Planck mass.
VanDevender & VanDevender from Sandia National Laboratories have an interesting paper about them. I'll put a link at the bottom.
Their thought is that for small mass black holes, rather than sucking all the mass in, the mass becomes gravitationally binded, causing the mass to orbit the black hole.
They define a black hole as any object smaller than its Schwarzschild radius. They believe that space may be full of them, and that they may be the home of much of the mysterious dark matter.
Stellar Black Holes
A star is massive. The gravitational acceleration at the surface is... um, massive, too. The star doesn't collapse under that gravity because the gravity is balanced by an outward force of radiation as the star burns its fuel.

However, one day the star runs out of fuel to burn and that radiation force disappears, leaving the star at the mercy of gravity. After exploding as a supernova, it begins to condense. If it is massive enough, it will overcome the atomic and nuclear forces and force the mass to inhabit less space.

The star continues to condense, as it does so the escape velocity at the surface increases because the mass of the star is staying constant, but its radius is getting smaller and smaller.

If the star is at least five times the mass of our Sun, the escape velocity will eventually be greater than the speed of light and nothing can escape. The star will then be a black hole. The value of "r" for a black hole formed from a star five times the mass of our Sun would be about 14 km.
Supermassive Black Holes
Less well understood are supermassive black holes (SBH), but the basic idea is that we aren't waiting for a star to run out of fuel. We are using the same equation as above, but we increase the mass by taking a massive object and adding more mass to it. This could be the collision of two massive objects or it could happen through gradual accretion, such as a collapsing cloud.
The supermassive black holes at the center of many galaxies are believed to be as massive as 3 billion of our Suns. The largest SBH found, to date, is believed to be as massive as 17 billion of our Suns.
Micro Black Holes
The idea of mini black holes was introduced by Stephen Hawking about 40 years ago. He reasoned that the extremely energetic expansion of the universe immediately after the Big Bang could have squeezed small amounts of matter to incredible densities. This could happen to any size mass above the Planck mass.
VanDevender & VanDevender from Sandia National Laboratories have an interesting paper about them. I'll put a link at the bottom.
Their thought is that for small mass black holes, rather than sucking all the mass in, the mass becomes gravitationally binded, causing the mass to orbit the black hole.
They define a black hole as any object smaller than its Schwarzschild radius. They believe that space may be full of them, and that they may be the home of much of the mysterious dark matter.
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