How is chloride ions beneficial for plant growth
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Chloride is an essential micronutrient and all crops require Chloride in small quantities. However, it is often associated with salinity damage and toxicity.
Crops differ both in their chloride requirements as well as in their tolerance to chloride toxicity.
Plants take up chloride as Cl- ion from soil solution. It plays some important roles in plants, including in photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment and suppression of plant disease.
However, high concentrations of chloride can cause toxicity problems in crops and reduce the yield. The toxicity results from accumulation of chloride in the leaves.
Common symptoms of chloride toxicity in plants include necrosis of leaf margins and tips, which typically occur in older leaves first. Excessive leaf burn might eventually result in leaf drop.
However, it might be difficult to diagnose chloride toxicity. It is often hard to distinguish whether the toxicity symptom is directly related to chloride or to other elements that are usually absorbed together with it (e.g. Sodium).
Chloride can also cause leaf damage when deposited on leaves in overhead irrigation.
In many cases, more than a sufficient amount of chloride is supplied from the atmosphere and precipitation, as rainwater usually contains a low concentration of Cl. Therefore, chloride might become a limiting factor for plant growth in areas that are far from the sea.
The natural sources of chloride in groundwater include weathering of rocks, atmospheric deposition and precipitation. In coastal, arid and semi-arid areas, the available groundwater is saline.
Since the Chloride is an anion (carries a negative charge) it does not adsorb to soil particles and moves readily with the water in the soil.
Therefore, water quality and irrigation management are the major factors that affect chloride concentrations in soil.
Water of low to medium salinity contains 100-300 mg/liter (=grams/cubic meter) of chloride.
For example, if the water contains 100 mg/liter Cl, irrigation of 30,000 liter/ha/day (will result in an addition of 1095 kg/ha/year (977 lbs./acre/year):
100 mg/liter X 30,000 liter/ha/day X 365 days / 1,000,000 mg/kg = 1095 kg/ha/year.
Chloride is also constituent of some fertilizers. For example the most common fertilizer containing chloride is KCl (muriate of potash), which contains 47% chloride and 53% K.
Fertilizing with 500 kg/ha KCl will result in application of 235 kg/ha of chloride.
Other chloride containing fertilizers include: CaCl2, NH4Cl and MgCl2.
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Here is your answer.
Chloride is an essential micronutrient and all crops require Chloride in small quantities. However, it is often associated with salinity damage and toxicity.
Crops differ both in their chloride requirements as well as in their tolerance to chloride toxicity.
Plants take up chloride as Cl- ion from soil solution. It plays some important roles in plants, including in photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment and suppression of plant disease.
However, high concentrations of chloride can cause toxicity problems in crops and reduce the yield. The toxicity results from accumulation of chloride in the leaves.
Common symptoms of chloride toxicity in plants include necrosis of leaf margins and tips, which typically occur in older leaves first. Excessive leaf burn might eventually result in leaf drop.
However, it might be difficult to diagnose chloride toxicity. It is often hard to distinguish whether the toxicity symptom is directly related to chloride or to other elements that are usually absorbed together with it (e.g. Sodium).
Chloride can also cause leaf damage when deposited on leaves in overhead irrigation.
In many cases, more than a sufficient amount of chloride is supplied from the atmosphere and precipitation, as rainwater usually contains a low concentration of Cl. Therefore, chloride might become a limiting factor for plant growth in areas that are far from the sea.
The natural sources of chloride in groundwater include weathering of rocks, atmospheric deposition and precipitation. In coastal, arid and semi-arid areas, the available groundwater is saline.
Since the Chloride is an anion (carries a negative charge) it does not adsorb to soil particles and moves readily with the water in the soil.
Therefore, water quality and irrigation management are the major factors that affect chloride concentrations in soil.
Water of low to medium salinity contains 100-300 mg/liter (=grams/cubic meter) of chloride.
For example, if the water contains 100 mg/liter Cl, irrigation of 30,000 liter/ha/day (will result in an addition of 1095 kg/ha/year (977 lbs./acre/year):
100 mg/liter X 30,000 liter/ha/day X 365 days / 1,000,000 mg/kg = 1095 kg/ha/year.
Chloride is also constituent of some fertilizers. For example the most common fertilizer containing chloride is KCl (muriate of potash), which contains 47% chloride and 53% K.
Fertilizing with 500 kg/ha KCl will result in application of 235 kg/ha of chloride.
Other chloride containing fertilizers include: CaCl2, NH4Cl and MgCl2.
Hope it will help you.
Please mark it as a BRAINLIEST one.
☺☺☺☺☺
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