how is Coral island formed.briefly
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Barrier reefs also border shorelines, but at a greater distance. They are separated from their adjacent land mass by a lagoon of open, often deep water. If a fringing reef forms around a volcanicisland that subsides completely below sea level while the coral continues to grow upward, an atoll forms.
Coral islands form as a result of coral growing on an undersea seamount that is just below the sea surface or was above sea level at some time in the past. Wave action erodes some of the coral which is deposited as sandy/coral beaches. Over time and with the help of wind/wave action, and rising/falling sea levels, the sand forms an island. Coral atolls (the ring shaped islands) form in the same way on top of undersea volcanoes, where the outer ring of the volcano is shallow enough for coral to grow, but the center isn't. The coral builds upon itself in a ring. The center of the atoll fills over time with sand and broken coral, eventually getting shallower and shallower until the center is eventually filled in to form a coral island.