Question

How is detergent are prepared ?

Answer 1

(i) $\bold{\boxed{Cationic \: detergent}}$

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Cationic detergents are made up of quaternary ammonium salts of acetates, chlorides, or bromides. The cationic part of these detergents contains a long hydrocarbon chain and a positive charge on the N atom.

$\bold{Example}$:

cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

(ii) $\bold{\boxed{Anionic \: detergents}}$

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Anionic detergents are mainly of two types:

$\bold{Sodium \: alkyl \: sulphate}$ :-

These detergents are sodium salts of long chain alcohols. They are prepared by treating alcohols with concentrated sulphuric acid and then with sodium hydroxide.

$\bold{Examples}$ -

sodium lauryl sulphate (C11H23CH2OSO3-Na+) and sodium stearyl sulphate (C17H35CH2OSO3-Na+).

$\bold{Sodium \: alkylbenzenesulphonates}$ :-

These detergents are sodium salts of long chain alkylbenzenesulphonic acids. They are prepared by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with long chain alkyl halides or alkenes. The obtained product is first treated with concentrated sulphuric acid and then with sodium hydroxide.

$\bold{Example}$ -

Sodium 4-(1-dodecy) benzenesulphonate (SDS).

(iii) $\bold{\boxed{Non-ionic \:detergents}}$

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Detergents do not contain any ions or charged species are non-ionic detergents. These detergents are esters of alcohols having high molecular mass. They are obtained by reacting polyethylene glycol and stearic acid.

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Answer 2

Answer:

that is correct answer

Explanation:

hope it's helpful