Question

How is transformer used in large scale transmission and distribution of electrical energy over long distances?

Answer 1

Transformers (sometimes called "voltage transformers") are devices used in electrical circuits to change the voltage of electricity flowing in the circuit. Transformers can be used either to increase the voltage (called "stepping up") or decrease the voltage ("step down").

Energy is lost in the process of transmitting electricity long distances, such as during the journey from a power plant to your home. Less energy is lost if the voltage is very high, so electrical utilities use high voltage in long-distance transmission wires. However, this high voltage is too dangerous for home use. Electrical utilities use transformers to change the voltage of electricity as it travels from the power plant to you. First, the voltage of electricity coming from the power plant is "stepped up" using transformers to the right level for long-distance transmission. Later, the voltage is stepped down before it enters your home - once again using transformers.

Answer 2

1. Output voltage of the power generator is steeped up so that current is reduced and as a result, line loss I^2R also reduced.

2. Then it is transmitted over long distances to an area sub-station where voltage is stepped down

3.It is further stepped down at local sub station and poles before the power supply of 220V reaches our homes