Question

How many times indian presidents have used an absolute veto power?

Answer 1

In India, any bill passed by the Parliament becomes an act only after the Presidential Assent. When a constitutional amendment bill or a money bill passed by the Parliament reaches the President, he is constitutionally bound to give his assent. However, when a non-constitutional-amendnent non-money bill passed by the Parliament reaches the President, he is NOT constitutionally bound to give his assent, though traditionally he is supposed to give his assent. In the extraordinary case when he doesn't want to give his assent, he can use one of the three veto powers stipulated in Article 111 of the Constitution of India, viz

Absolute Veto: The President can outright deny his assent

Suspensive Veto: The President can return the bill back to the Parliament for reconsideration, but if the parliament passes it again and it reaches the President, he is constitutionally bound to give his assent.

Pocket Veto: The President can withhold his assent sine die

In the past, the Absolute Veto has been used twice, once by President Rajendra Prasad in 1954 and again by President Ramaswamy Venkataraman in 1991. The Pocket Veto has been used by President Gyani Zail Singh in 1986. The Suspensive Veto has been used by President APJ Abdul Kalam in 2006.

REASONS FOR VETOING

In 1954, the erstwhile PEPSU (Patiala and East Punjab States Union) was under President’s Rule and so the Parliament passed a money appropriation bill on behalf of the state legislature. But by the time the bill reached President Rajendra Pradad, the President's Rule in the state had been revoked. Since the bill was about a subject mentioned under State List, the President rightfully rejected it using Absolute Veto.

In 1991, the Salary, Allowances, and Pensions of Members of Parliament Amendment bill was passed by the Parliament on the last day before the dissolution of the Lok Sabha, without seeking prior recommendation by the President. So, when the bill reached President R. Venkataraman, he invariably rejected it using Absolute Veto.

In 1986, Post Offices (Interception of Mails) bill was passed by the Parliament. When it reached President Gyani Zail Singh, he thought it is against the Fundamental Rights of Citizens of India. Also, there was a lot of on-going misunderstanding between the President and the then Rajiv Gandhi Government which had introduced the bill. President Gyani Zail Singh wanted to teach a lesson to the Government and withheld his assent to the bill using Pocket Veto. Later on, the successive President returned the bill to the successive Government which decided to end the bill.

In 2006, Offices of Profit bill was passed by the Parliament, and reached President APJ Abdul Kalam. He returned it back to the Parliament for reconsideration using Suspensive Veto because the bill was controversial. When the Parliament passed it again and sent it to the President, he gave his assent

Answer 2

Absolute Veto: The President can outright deny his assent .

Explanation:

• Suspensive Veto: The President can return the bill back to the Parliament for amendment, but if the parliament passes it again and it reaches the President, he is constitutionally bound to give his assent.
• Pocket Veto: The President can hold his decision without assigning a further date.
• President Rajendra Prasad, in 1954, used the Absolute Veto twice in the past. It was also used by President Ramaswamy Venkataraman in 1991. President Gyani Zail Singh has used the Pocket Veto in 1986. In 2006, APJ Abdul Kalam has used the Suspensive Veto.

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