How many types of arteries are there in human body ?
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Answer:
Systemic arteries can be subdivided into two types—muscular and elastic—according to the relative compositions of elastic and muscle tissue in their tunica media as well as their size and the makeup of the internal and external elastic lamina.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart in two distinct pathways:
The systemic circuit. In this pathway, oxygen-rich blood is carried away from the heart and toward tissues of the body.
The pulmonary circuit. In the pulmonary circuit, oxygen-depleted blood is carried away from the heart and into the lungs where it can acquire fresh oxygen and get rid of carbon dioxide.
Arteries can also be divided into elastic and muscular arteries based off of the material of their tunica media or middle layer.
Elastic arteries
are closer to the heart where blood pressure is highest
contain more elastic fibers, which allows them to both expand and contract with the surges of blood that occur when the heart beats
Muscular arteries
are further from the heart where blood pressure is lower
contain more smooth muscle tissue and less elastic fibers
Artery wall layers
The walls of arteries are three distinct layers:
Tunica intima. The innermost layer that’s made up of cells called endothelial cells as well as elastic fibers.
Tunica media. The middle, and often the thickest layer, that’s made up of smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers that can help control the diameter of the blood vessel.
Tunica externa. The outermost layer that’s made up of elastic fibers and collagen. This layer predominantly provides structure and support.
Artery sizes
Arteries come in a variety of sizes. The largest artery of the body is the aorta, which begins at the heart.
As they move further from the heart, arteries branch off and become increasingly smaller. The smallest arteries are called arterioles.
Arterioles connect to capillaries, which are the smallest blood vessels and are where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste occurs between the blood and the cells of the body.
After this exchange occurs, the blood enters the venous system, where it travels back toward the heart.
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