Question

How many years did the Tuglaq Dynasty rule for during the Sultanate Period?

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Answer 1

Answer:

Sayyid. The Sayyid dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1415 to 1451. The Timurid invasion and plunder had left the Delhi Sultanate in shambles, and little is known about the rule by the Sayyid dynasty.

Explanation:

Capital: Lahore (1206–1210); Badayun (1210–1214); Delhi (1214–1327); Daulatabad ...

Common languages: Persian (official), Hindustani (since 1451)

Today part of: Bangladesh; India; Pakistan

• 1351–1388 Firuz Shah Tughlaq

• 1388–1413 Ghiyath-ud-din Tughluq Shah / Abu Bakr Shah / Muhammad Shah / Mahmud Tughlaq / Nusrat Shah

The Tughlaq dynasty (Ṭughlāq or Arabic script: طغلاق [8]) also referred to as Tughluq or Tughluk dynasty, was a Muslim dynasty of Turko-Indian origin[9] which ruled over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India.[10] Its reign started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. The dynasty ended in 1413.[1][11]

Tughlaq Dynasty

1320–1413[1]

Territory under Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi Sultanate, 1330-1335 AD. The empire shrank after 1335 AD.[2]

Territory under Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi Sultanate, 1330-1335 AD. The empire shrank after 1335 AD.[2]

Capital

Delhi

Common languages

Persian (official)[3]

Religion

Official: Sunni Islam

Subjects: Hinduism,[4] Shia,[5] Others[5]

Government

Sultanate

Sultan

• 1321–1325

Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq

• 1325–1351

Muhammad bin Tughluq

• 1351–1388

Firuz Shah Tughlaq

• 1388–1413

Ghiyath-ud-din Tughluq Shah / Abu Bakr Shah / Muhammad Shah / Mahmud Tughlaq / Nusrat Shah

Historical era

Medieval

• Established

1320

• Disestablished

1413[1]

Area

1312[6][7]

3,200,000 km2 (1,200,000 sq mi)

Currency

Taka

Preceded by Succeeded by

Khalji dynasty

Sayyid dynasty

Vijayanagara Empire

Bahmani Sultanate

Bengal Sultanate

Gujarat Sultanate

Today part of

India

Nepal

Pakistan

Bangladesh

The dynasty expanded its territorial reach through a military campaign led by Muhammad bin Tughluq, and reached its zenith between 1330 and 1335. It ruled most of the Indian subcontinent

The etymology of the word "Tughluq" is not certain. The 16th century writer Firishta claims that it is a corruption of the Turkic term "Qutlugh", but this is doubtful.[13] Literary, numismatic and epigraphic evidence makes it clear that Tughluq was the personal name of the dynasty's founder Ghiyath al-Din, and not an ancestral designation. Historians use the designation "Tughluq" to describe the entire dynasty as a matter of convenience, but the dynasty's kings did not use "Tughluq" as a surname: only Ghiyath al-Din's son Muhammad bin Tughluq called himself the son of Tughluq Shah ("bin Tughluq").

The Khalji dynasty ruled the Delhi Sultanate before 1320.[15] Its last ruler, Khusro Khan, was a Hindu slave who had been forcibly converted to Islam and then served the Delhi Sultanate as the general of its army for some time. Khusro Khan, along with Malik Kafur, had led numerous military campaigns on behalf of Alauddin Khalji, to expand the Sultanate and plunder non-Muslim kingdoms in India .

After Alauddin Khalji's death from illness in 1316, a series of palace arrests and assassinations followed, with Khusro Khan coming to power in June 1320, after killing licentious son of Alauddin Khalji, Mubarak Khalji, initiating a massacre of all members of the Khalji family and reverting from Islam. However, he lacked the support of the Muslim nobles and aristocrats of the Delhi Sultanate. Delhi's aristocracy invited Ghazi Malik, then the governor in Punjab under the Khaljis, to lead a coup in Delhi and remove Khusro Khan. In 1320, Ghazi Malik launched an attack with the use of an army of Khokhar tribesmen and killed Khusro Khan to assume power.

The ancestry of dynasty is debated among modern historians, because the earlier sources provide different information regarding it. Tughluq's court poet Badr-i Chach attempted to find a royal genealogy for the dynasty, but this can be dismissed as flattery. Another court poet Amir Khusrau, in his Tughluq Nama, states that Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq described himself as an unimportant man ("awara mard") in his early career.[14] The contemporary Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta states that Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq belonged to the "Qarauna tribe of the Turks", who lived in the hilly region between Turkestan and Sindh. Ibn Battuta's source for this claim was the Sufi saint Rukn-ud-Din Abul Fateh, but the claim is not corroborated by any other contemporary source.

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