how Muslim adopted print culture?
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Answer:
As a 5 mark answer:-
▪From early nineteenth century, new idea emerged through the clashes of opinion. This was a time of intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the hindu orthodoxy like widow immolation, monotheism etc.
▪From 1822, two Persian newspapers published, jam-i-jahan Nama and Shamsul Akhbar
▪In northern India, the ulama were deeply anxious about the collapse of Muslim dynasties. They feared that the colonial rulers would encourage conversion, change the Muslim personal laws.
▪To counter this they used cheap lithographic presses,published Persian and Urdu translations of holy scriptures, and printed religious newspapers and tract
▪The Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867,published thousands of fatwas
telling muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their everyday lives, and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines.
▪All through the nineteenth century, a number of Muslim sects and seminaries appeared, each with a different interpretation of faith, each keen on enlarging its following and countering the influence of its opponents. Urdu print helped them conduct these battles in public.
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Answer:
As of 2018, twelve Nobel Prize laureates have been Muslims, more than half in the 21st century. Seven of the twelve laureates have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, while three have been for the sciences. The recipient of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics, Abdus Salam, was a member of the Ahmadiyya community of Pakistan. Aziz Sancar is the second Turkish Nobel laureate and was awarded the Nobel prize in Chemistry in the field of molecular biology in 2015.[1]