how plants cope with high temperature?
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temperatures may increase their thermo-.tolerance. Light and other factors may cause an increase in tolerance to heat, but plant’s acclimation to higher temperatures is minimal (a few degrees only) as compared to other stresses such as freezing and drought. For example, soybean seedlings exposed to 2 hours at 40°C can subsequently survive an otherwise lethal 2 hours exposure at 45°C. Although, some changes occurring during acclimation to heat stress are reversible, but if the stress is too severe, irreversible changes may occur which may prove to be lethal.
Way # 2. Membrane Composition:
In high-temperature tolerant species such as agave and cacti, there is greater proportion of saturated fatty acids (with higher melting points) in their membrane lipids. This enables such plants to maintain fluidity and stability of their membranes at higher temperatures.
Way # 3. Morphological
Plants avoid intense solar radiations and overheating in the same way as in drought resistance by developing morphological adaptations that include:
(i) More vertical orientation of leaves,
(ii) Rolling their leaves along the axis (as in grasses),
(iii) Reflective leaf hairs,
(iv) Waxy leaf surfaces and
(v) Smaller deeply dissected leaves to minimise the boundary layer thickness and thus maximise heat loss by convection and conduction.
Way # 4. Heat-Shock Proteins (HSPs):
Although, in response to heart-shock stress or heat stress, synthesis of most of the normal proteins is suppressed, but the plants produce a unique set of low molecular mass proteins which are known as heat-shock proteins (HSPs). Most of the HSPs function to help cells endure heat stress by acting as molecular chaperones protecting essential enzymes and nucleic acids from heat denaturation and mis-folding. They also prevent dis-assembly of multimeric aggregates during heat stress.
Heat-shock proteins were originally discovered in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), but they have since been discovered in variety of animals including man, plants, fungi and micro-organisms. HSPs are synthesized in cells very rapidly in response to heat-shock.
Way # 2. Membrane Composition:
In high-temperature tolerant species such as agave and cacti, there is greater proportion of saturated fatty acids (with higher melting points) in their membrane lipids. This enables such plants to maintain fluidity and stability of their membranes at higher temperatures.
Way # 3. Morphological
Plants avoid intense solar radiations and overheating in the same way as in drought resistance by developing morphological adaptations that include:
(i) More vertical orientation of leaves,
(ii) Rolling their leaves along the axis (as in grasses),
(iii) Reflective leaf hairs,
(iv) Waxy leaf surfaces and
(v) Smaller deeply dissected leaves to minimise the boundary layer thickness and thus maximise heat loss by convection and conduction.
Way # 4. Heat-Shock Proteins (HSPs):
Although, in response to heart-shock stress or heat stress, synthesis of most of the normal proteins is suppressed, but the plants produce a unique set of low molecular mass proteins which are known as heat-shock proteins (HSPs). Most of the HSPs function to help cells endure heat stress by acting as molecular chaperones protecting essential enzymes and nucleic acids from heat denaturation and mis-folding. They also prevent dis-assembly of multimeric aggregates during heat stress.
Heat-shock proteins were originally discovered in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), but they have since been discovered in variety of animals including man, plants, fungi and micro-organisms. HSPs are synthesized in cells very rapidly in response to heat-shock.
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temperature may increases theirs thermo tolerance
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