Question

How rainbow forms Explanation

Answer 1

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What is a rainbow?

A rainbow is a natural phenomenon caused by the refraction and reflection of light in droplets of water, which results in the appearance of a spectrum of light in the sky. Rainbows appear in the form of a multicolored bow. When caused by water and sun, rainbows appear on the side of the sky that is directly opposite the sun. They can be full circles at times, but to the average observer, only the arc will be visible.

Which colors are in a rainbow?

The colors in a rainbow are those found in the color spectrum of white light as it divides. There are 7 main colors that you can see in a rainbow: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and purple. When the sunlight hits the water droplets, the 7 colors appear. As the sunlight moves from air to water, the colors of light slow down to varying speeds – depending on their frequency. As the violet light enters the raindrop, it bends at a sharp angle. On the right side of the water droplet, some light is passed back into the air, while the rest reflects backwards. Raindrops that are higher in the sky disperse light so that only the red light is visible to the observer’s eye. The droplets between red and violet reflect different colors so that an observer sees a full color spectrum.

How does a rainbow form?

Sunlight hitting a raindrop in the atmosphere is refracted on the surface of the raindrop and enters the droplet. Once refraction occurs, the light breaks up into seven colors inside the raindrop; it is then reflected to the other side of the raindrop after traveling inside it. When the light in the raindrop refracts, the spectrum forms to make the 7 colors of the rainbow appear. During reflection, the angle (of reflection) is equal to the angle of incidence; this means that reflected light travels along a set path and maintains the difference of the refraction angle. A rainbow is a bunch of raindrops hanging in the atmosphere that divide the sunlight into 7 colors, like a prism.

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Answer 2

Water droplet acts as a prism. When a light or sunlight passes through the rain drop or water droplet then it undergoes refraction then dispersion. After dispersion it undergoes to Total internal reflection. And again refraction. Then it comes out of the water droplet or rain drop as a dispersion means came out as splitting into seven colours i.e. 

Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange and Red. (VIBGYOR)

These colors reach the eyes of the observer and he/she can easily saw the rainbow...

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The phenomenon involved in it are :-

1) Refraction

2) Total internal reflection

3) Dispersion

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Condition necessary to see rainbow are :-

1) Recent rain.

2) Sun must be behind the observer.

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