Question

How the direct and indirect messages affect human Behavior in Psychological aspect

Answer 1

In Study 1, we hypothesized that direct experience with an attitude object would tend to produce more affective reactions than indirect experience with the object and, alternatively, that indirect experience would produce more cognitive reactions than indirect experience with the object. To test this, participants were given either a direct or an indirect experience with a set of puzzles and then required to indicate their reactions to the puzzles. As predicted, direct experience produced more affective reactions and indirect experience produced more cognitive reactions. In Study 2, we hypothesized that attitudes produced after direct experience would predict consummatory behavior better than instrumental behavior and that attitudes produced after indirect experience would do the opposite. Again the results supported the hypothesis. In Study 3, we hypothesized that attitude accessibility mediates the relationships found in Study 2. That is, in a consummatory situation attitudes formed through direct experience are more assessable that attitudes formed through indirect experience. The results supported the hypothesis.

Explanation:

The present paper investigated the effects of direct and indirect experience on the production of affective and cognitive responses.

Answer 2

When we communicate with someone, we tend to send not only our intention but also our emotion. Emotion includes not only positive one but also negative one. Such negative emotion makes our communication worse in contradiction to our intention. To avoid such negative communications, we focus on indirect communication through a robot. In indirect communication through a robot, a user requests desired tasks to another user not by themselves but through a robot. If the robot is carefully designed, it is expected that users regard the robot as a client, and their emotions are directed not to the real client but to the robot. We developed a simple trash box robot and investigated psychological difference between direct communication and indirect communication through the robot. Throughout the experiments, negative emotion from the recipient was directed not to the human but to the robot via indirect communication.