Question

how the object get charge by rubbing

Answer 1

If two objects are rubbed together, especially if the objects are insulators and surrounding air is dry, the objects acquire equal and opposite charges and an attractive force develops between them. The object that loses electrons becomes positively charged, and the other that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. The force is simply the attraction between charges of opposite sign.

Answer 2

The frictional charging process results in a transfer of electrons between the two objects that are rubbed together. Rubber has a much greater attraction for electrons than animal fur. As a result, the atoms of rubber pull electrons from the atoms of animal fur, leaving both objects with an imbalance of charge. The rubber balloon has an excess of electrons and the animal fur has a shortage of electrons. Having an excess of electrons, the rubber balloon is charged negatively. Similarly, the shortage of electrons on the animal fur leaves it with a positive charge. The two objects have become charged with opposite types of charges as a result of the transfer of electrons from the least electron-loving material to the most electron-loving material.

Frictional charging is often demonstrated in Physics class. Two rubber balloons can be suspended from the ceiling and hung at approximately head height. When rubbed upon a teacher's head, the balloons became charged as electrons are transferred from the teacher's fur to the balloons. Since the teacher's fur lost electrons, it became positively charged and the subsequent attraction between the two rubbed objects could be observed. Of course, when the teacher pulls away from the balloons, the balloons experienced a repulsive interaction for each other.