How the west and south wind affect sea faring
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The captain of a steam ship naturally chooses the shortest route to his destination. Since a sailing ship is usually pushed by winds and currents, its captain must find a route where the wind will probably blow in the right direction. Tacking, i.e. using contrary wind to pull (sic) the sails, was always possible but wasted time because of the zigzagging required, and this would significantly delay long voyages. The early European explorers were not only looking for new lands. They also had to discover the pattern of winds and currents that would carry them where they wanted to go. During the age of sail winds and currents determined trade routes and therefore influenced European imperialism and modern political geography. For an outline to the main wind systems see Global wind patterns.
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Monsoon winds, for example, create wet and dry seasons in many parts of the world. Most of the time, most people would prefer to take diving or other vacation trips to these places during the dry season. The word “monsoon” often refers to the heavy rain during the wet season or even to the wet season itself. Meteorologists use the word “monsoonal” to define a climate with distinct wet and dry seasons caused by regular switches in wind direction.
In Asia, for instance, inland areas heat up much more quickly than the oceans in the summer. As the ground warms over areas such as the highlands of Tibet, the heated air begins rising and humid air from the ocean begins flowing inland. The flow increases as the summer goes on. As the humid winds blow inland and uphill, the air is cooled and the air’s humidity condenses into clouds and downpours.
During the winter, inland areas cool rapidly and the cool, dry air, which is heavier than warm, humid air, begins flowing toward and over the oceans.
Bombay, India, is an extreme example of a place with a monsoonal climate. From December through April, no rain falls — the average rainfall for each month is zero. But July averages 25.6 inches/65.6 cm, and the four months of June through September average 81.1 inches/207.9 cm. The other three months, May, October and November, combined average only 4.2 inches/10.8 cm of rain.
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