How to calculate number of lone pair of electrons from any cation or anion?
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If the number of cations is +1,+2,+3 the number of electrons in the outermost shell is 1,2, 3 respectively. If it is 4 the number of electrons in outermost shell is 4. If the number of anions is -3,-2,-1 then the number of electrons in its outermost shell is 5,6,7 respectively. If there are 3 shells, then the electrons in the last shell would be as per stated above and the rest two shells would contain 2 and 8 respectively. Similarly, if there are 2 shells then number of electrons is to be calculated as per stated above and the first shell would contain 2 electrons. If number of electrons is 0 then number of electrons is 8 in its outermost shell and it is a noble gas.
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