How to calculate relative population of two energy levels?
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will be distributed among the energy levels availabe to them because of thermal agitation. The exact distribution will depend on the temperature (thermal energy) and on the separation between energy levels (DE) in the energy ladder. At a given temperature, the number of molecules in an upper state (nupper) relative to the lower state (nlower) is given by Boltzmann distribution law
nupper / nlower = exp[-DE / kT]
where k is the Boltzmann constant (k = 1.38*10-23 J*K-1). When DE applies to 1 mol, the term on the right becomes exp[-DE / RT], where R is the gas constant (R = 8.31 J*mol-1).
nupper / nlower = exp[-DE / kT]
where k is the Boltzmann constant (k = 1.38*10-23 J*K-1). When DE applies to 1 mol, the term on the right becomes exp[-DE / RT], where R is the gas constant (R = 8.31 J*mol-1).
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