how to do the improvement of food resourses ??
Answers
Cereals such as wheat, rice, maize, millets and sorghum provide us carbohydrate for energy requirement. Pulses like gram (chana), pea (matar), black gram (urad), green gram (moong), pigeon pea (arhar), lentil (masoor), provide us with protein. And oil seeds including soyabean, ground nut, sesame, castor, mustard, linseed and sunflower provide us with necessary fats (gavehles, spices and fruits provide a range of vitamins and minerals in addition to small amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and fats. In addition to these food crops, fodder crops like berseem, oats or sudan grass are raised as food for the livestock.
In India there has been a four times increase in the production of food grains from 1960 to 2004 with only 25% increase in the cultivable land area. How has this increase in production been achieved? If we think of the practices involved in farming, we can see that we can divide it into three stages. The first is the choice of seeds for planting. The second is the nurturing of the crop plants. The third is the protection of the growing and harvested crops from loss. Thus, the major groups of activities for improving crop yields can be classified as:
Crop variety improvement
Crop production improvement
Crop protection management.
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CROPS
Plants of some kind which are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale are known as groups .
1• CEREALS
These are rich in Carbohydrate and thus provide energy.
Example
Rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, barley,millets.
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2• PULSES
These are rich in protein and thus helpful for body building.
Example
Gram,moong,pea,lentil,urad,pigeon pea.
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3• OIL SEED CROPS
These are rich in oil and fatty acids.
Example
Groundnut, linseed, sunflower, soyabean, mustard,sesame.
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4• VEGETABLE CROPS
These Provide vitamins, minerals along with small quantities of carbohydrate, protein and oils.
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5• SPICES
They are used for enhancing palatability.
Example
Chilly, black, pepper, ginger, turmeric.
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6• FODDER CROPS
These provide green fodder to the cattle.
Example
Berseem,sorghum,maize,oat sudan grass,alfalfa.
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》Different types of crops require different climatic conditions like temperature, humidity and photoperiods.
》Crops are divided into two groups on the basis of growing season :
1•KHARIF CROPS
These crops are sown in the month of June / July and harvested in September / October every year.
Example
Paddy ,maize, sorghum, pearl millet.
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2•RABI CROPS
These crops are sown in the month of October / November and harvested in March / April every year.
Example
wheat, and, Barley and pea
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