How to find
hybridization of compounds
Answers
You just have to know the number of valence electrons in the respective elements i.e. central atom and its surrounding atoms. Then, you have to sum up all the valence electrons in the given molecule or ion and check if there is charge on it or not. Whatever the charge is, subtract it from the sum obtained (with sign) and obtain a final value. Now,
If the value is less than or equal to 8, divide by 2. If the value is between 8 and 56, divide by 8.
Check the remainder, and if it is 0 or 1 neglect it, else again do step a with remainder.
When remainder becomes 0 or 1, sum up all the quotients and match it with the list.
2 - sp
3 - sp2
4 - sp3
5 - sp3d
6 - sp3d2
7 - sp3d3
Example:- Let us take an example of (ICl2)- . Here both I and Cl contains 7 valence electrons. So total valence electrons of the ion is 7 + 7×2 = 21. But there is a negative charge on it too, so we have to subtract it from the sum obtained i.e. 21 - (-1) = 22. Since, it is between 8 and 56, we divide it by 8. So quotient = 2 and remainder = 6, again remainder is between 2 and 8, we divide it by 2. So, quotient = 3 and remainder = 0. Now that remainder is 0, we add all quotients to get 5 and see that hybridization of central atom i.e. I is sp3d