how to make a preface on volcanoes
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Preface
Volcanic eruptions are awesome and destructive; however, this natural phenomenon is beneficial in the long term. Violent volcanic eruptions range from complete obliteration of the landscape near the volcano, to a mere dusting of tephra at great distances. The most obvious effect is the destruction caused by catastrophic ejection of ash, lava, pyroclastic flows, and/or mudflows. These agents of destruction may result in loss of wildlife, vegetation, and even human lives. The beneficial effects of volcanic eruptions are often more subtle; occurring on a geologic time-scale rather than during the lifetime of an individual. They include building of continents, oceanic islands, and the ocean floor; creation of magnificent scenery and recreation areas; and the development and rejuvenation of soils, which provide an environment favorable to the eventual establishment of lush vegetation and the ecology of organisms, including human beings. The periodic additions of volcanic ash renew the long-term fertility status by providing a source of nutrients from the rapid weathering of ash. Soils formed in volcanic ash have many distinctive properties that are rarely found in soils derived from other parent materials. These soils have a high potential for agricultural production as illustrated by the fact that many of the most productive regions of the world are located near active or dormant volcanoes and the most densely populated areas in regions, such as Indonesia, are found near volcanoes.
Volcanic eruptions are awesome and destructive; however, this natural phenomenon is beneficial in the long term. Violent volcanic eruptions range from complete obliteration of the landscape near the volcano, to a mere dusting of tephra at great distances. The most obvious effect is the destruction caused by catastrophic ejection of ash, lava, pyroclastic flows, and/or mudflows. These agents of destruction may result in loss of wildlife, vegetation, and even human lives. The beneficial effects of volcanic eruptions are often more subtle; occurring on a geologic time-scale rather than during the lifetime of an individual. They include building of continents, oceanic islands, and the ocean floor; creation of magnificent scenery and recreation areas; and the development and rejuvenation of soils, which provide an environment favorable to the eventual establishment of lush vegetation and the ecology of organisms, including human beings. The periodic additions of volcanic ash renew the long-term fertility status by providing a source of nutrients from the rapid weathering of ash. Soils formed in volcanic ash have many distinctive properties that are rarely found in soils derived from other parent materials. These soils have a high potential for agricultural production as illustrated by the fact that many of the most productive regions of the world are located near active or dormant volcanoes and the most densely populated areas in regions, such as Indonesia, are found near volcanoes.
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Preface on volcanoes
Our earth has three layers and the outermost is crust. Just below the crust is mantle and when rocks in this layer i.e. mantle melts they erupt through the crust in the form of lava, ashes and gases which we call a volcano.
The three stages of a volcano are
1. Active - Volcano that has erupted and has the potential to erupt again in the future.
2. Dormant - Volcano that has erupted in the historical past and the volcanic activity in which has more or less ceased.
3. Extinct - Volcano that is known to have erupted in the distant past but is now dead or completely inactive.
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