Question

How to reduce friction with pictures in points

Answer 1

◆ Methods of reducing Friction ◆


We know that friction occurs due to the unevenness( Valleys and peaks ) or interacting irregularities of two surfaces in contact. Thus, the basic idea of reducing friction is to fill up the valleys to get smoother surfaces .

Friction can be reduced in several ways :-

♣ Making the surface smooth by lubricants :

We already know that smooth surfaces offers less friction. Moving parts of machines are therefore, made very smooth. For this, the moving parts are covered with oil or grease.by the use of a suitable lubricant, like oil ( for light machienary ) or grease ( For heavy machienary ) friction can be reduced. Lubricants may be in soild, liquid or Gaseous forms. When a lubricant is used between two moving surfaces it's particles get into the uneven parts of the surfaces and make a thin layer of their own between them. As a result, the motion actually occurs between the layers of the lubricating material which are relatively smoother. This is helpful because fluid friction is less than soild friction.


♣ If you leave your bicycle unused for a month and then ride it, it needs great effort from you. When you put some machine oil on the chain and sprocket-wheel, the bicycles runs with much less effort. This is because, the friction opposes motion and hence you have to put more effort to move it. The machine oil reduce friction on the bicycle runs more easily.


♣ By polishing :

The surface are highly polished, to eleminate the irregularities. This make the surfaces smooth and reduces friction to a great extent.


♣ By using Fine powders :

Talcum powder is used as a lubricant. When we sprinkle powder on a carrom board, the depressions on the surface of the board and the coins of carrom get filled with powder. This makes the surface smoother and reduces friction between the broad, the striker and the coins of the carrom.

Graphite being very soft solid which can be ground to a very fine state. It is then used as a lubricant in those parts of machines, where it is difficult to apply oil. It reduces friction by filling up unevenness between the surfaces.


♣ By streamlining :

Friction due to air ( air resistance ) or water is reduced by using streamlined shapes in aeroplanes or ships. A streamlined shape is narrow in front and broader at back. All birds have streamlined bodies to ensure minimum friction as they fly through air. In the same way, ships, boats and fish have streamlined bodies, so that they can move easily in water.


♣ By using soap solutions :

Soap solutions are used in cutting and grinding machines to reduce friction.


♣ By using ball bearings :

Ball bearings are used in machines to reduce friction. These are tiny steel balls often placed between moving parts of machines. You might have seen then fitted in the wheels of a bicycle . They reduce friction and save a lot of energy.


♣ By using wheels or by converting sliding friction into rolling friction :


Use of wheels between surfaces moving over each other reduces friction. We know that rolling friction is very less than the sliding friction between the two surfaces. Due to this reason, many heavy objects, such as suitcases, travelling bags are provided with small wheels, called as rollers. The rollers reduce friction and help in moving heavy objects easily from one place to another.

Answer 2

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1.Friction occurs when two bodies are in contact move or tend to move with

respect to each other

2. It depends on the surface of contact of bodies.

3. When two surfaces slide over each other, the irregularities of these surfaces

interlock with each other.

4. This interlocking opposes the motion between the surfaces in contact, and gives

rise to friction.

We can minimize friction by

1. Using Lubricants

2. Using Soap Solutions.

3. Using Ball Bearings

4. Polishing Surfaces.

5. Improving Designs.

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