how to surface tension of water can be reduced?
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Answer:
A simple method is to lead the water with a another fluid with very low IFT ie. wets the material readily such as IPA. This is a standard method used where hydrophobic filter membranes will not wet with water initially, but with the addition of IPA initially it prewets eg PTFE or PVDF and then allows water to displace the IPA and flow without the classic high (2 Bar) bubble point being generated at the interface of the tightly woven polymeric material. Hope this helps as it is very good lab cheat method of wetting the almost unwettable. Caustic solutions like detergents also may demonstrate very low IFTs (interfacial tension) with other substances, forming very stable emulsions in oils and so forth. RD.
Explanation:
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