Question

how to understand direct and indirect speech

Answer 1

Direct Speech :-

Speaking out the words as they were spoken by somebody.
Example:-
He said, "I won't do this work"

Indirect Speech :-

Representing speaker's word in subordinate clauses with change in verb and tense.
Example- He said that he won't do that work.

Answer 2

Direct speech, also known as quoted speech, consists of words or phrases that are taken directly from the source. These words are quoted or written exactly as the words were originally spoken. Jonah said, ''I don't like your hat.''
Indirect speech, also known as reported speech, is when words or phrases are reported in our own words. The original words are modified and/or interpreted as opposed to being quoted.
He said he had been on Facebook since 2010.